Martinus Veltman

Martinus Veltman
Beatha
Ainm slàn	Martinus Justinus Godefridus Veltman
Breith	Waalwijk (en) , 27 dhen Ògmhios 1931
Dùthaich	Rìoghachd nan Tìrean Ìsle
Ciad chànan	Duitsis
Bàs	Bilthoven (en) , 4 dhen Fhaoilleach 2021
Foghlam
Foghlam	Oilthigh Utrecht
Stiùiriche an teusais	Léon van Hove (en)
Oileanaich dotaireachd	Gerardus 't Hooft Peter van Nieuwenhuizen (en) Bernard de Wit (en) Michel Eugène Lemoine (en) Christianus Marinus Emmanuel Otten (en) Johannes Reiff (en) Jochum Johan van der Bij (en)
Cànain	Duitsis
Dreuchd
Dreuchd	fiosaigiche teòirigeach, ollamh, fiosaigiche agus neach-teagaisg oilthigh
Fastaichean	Oilthigh Utrecht Oilthigh Mhichigan Oilthigh Leiden  (18 dhen Ghiblean 1989 -
Duaisean a fhuaras	liosta Duais Nobel ann an Fiosag  (1999) Akademiepenning  (1999) High Energy and Particle Physics Prize  (1993) Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion ICTP Dirac Medal  (1996)
Ballrachd	Acadamh Nàiseanta nan Saidheans Acadamh Rìoghail nan Tìrean Ìsle airson nan Ealan is Saidheansan

'S e eòlaiche-fiosaig às na Tìrean Ìsle a th' ann am Martinus Justinus Godefriedus Veltman (IPA: mɑrˈtinʏs jʏsˈtinʏs ɣoːdəˈfridʏs ˈvɛltmɑn, Waalwijk, 27 an t-Ògmhios 1931 - Bilthoven, 1 am Faoilleach 2021).

Beatha

B' e ceannard bhun-sgoil a bh' ann athair agus bha triùir bràthair-athar nan luchd-teagaisg cuideachd. Phòs e aig a bhean Annelke ann an 1960 agus tha nighean aca. Thoisich e fiosaig ionnsachadh aig Oilthigh Utrecht ann an 1948 agus an uair sin rinn e dotaireachd fo Léon Van Hove bho 1953 gu ruige 1956. Chaidh e gu CERN ann an Geneva ann an 1961 còmhla ri Van Hove, a bha os cionn a' phròiseact. bha e cuideachd ann an Stamford thall sna Stàitean cuideachd. Thill e dhan dùthaich aige ann an 1966 agus stiùir e Gerardus 't Hooft tron dotaireachd aige air teòiridhean Yang-Mills gu ruige 1971. Chuir e seachad na bliadhnaichean bho 1981 gu ruige 1996 aig obair aig Oilthigh Mhichigan. Chaochail e ann an 2021.

Urraman

Bhuannaich e an Duais Nobel ann am Fiosaigs còmhla ri Gerardus 't Hooft fhèin ann an 1999 airson an cuid obrach air structar quantamach nan eadar-obraichean eileagtronaiceach lag.

Obair

• (1966): Divergence Conditions and Sum Rules. Physical Review Letters 17: 553-556 .
• (1968): Perturbation Theory of Massive Yang–Mills Fields. Nucl. Phys. B 7: 637 . DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(68)90197-1.
• (1967): Some Comments on the Decays of eta (550). Physical Review 154 (5): 1469-1474 .
• (1972): Regularization and renormalization of gauge fields. Nucl. Phys. B 44 (1972): 189-213 . DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(72)90279-9. (còmhla ri 't Hooft)
• (1972): Combinatorics of gauge fields. Nucl. Phys. B 50: 318-353 . DOI: 10.1016/S0550-3213(72)80021-X. (còmhla ri 't Hooft)

Iomraidhean

Duais Nobel ann am Fiosaigs

1901: Röntgen 1902: Lorentz, Zeeman 1903: Becquerel, M. Curie, P. Curie 1904: Rayleigh 1905: Lenard 1906: Thomson 1907: Michelson 1908: Lippmann 1909: Braun, Marconi 1910: van der Waals 1911: Wien 1912: Dalén 1913: Kamerlingh Onnes 1914: von Laue 1915: W. H. Bragg, W. L. Bragg 1917: Barkla 1918: Planck 1919: Stark 1920: Guillaume 1921: Einstein 1922: Bohr 1923: Milliken 1924: M. Siegbahn 1925: Franck, Hertz 1926: Perrin 1927: Compton, Wilson 1928: Richardson 1929: de Broglie 1930: Raman 1932: Heisenberg 1933: Dirac, Schrödinger 1935: Chadwick 1936: Hess, Anderson 1937: Davisson, Thomson 1938: Fermi 1939: Lawrence 1943: Stern 1944: Rabi 1945: Pauli 1946: Bridgman 1947: Appleton 1948: Blackett 1949: Yukawa 1950: Powell 1951: Cockcroft, Walton 1952: Bloch, Purcell 1953: Zernike 1954: Born, Bothe 1955: Lamb, Kusch 1956: Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain 1957: Yang, Lee 1958: Cherenkov, Frank, Tamm 1959: Segrè, Chamberlain 1960: Glaser 1961: Hofstadter, Mössbauer 1962: Landau 1963: Goeppert-Mayer, Jensen, Wigner 1964: Townes, Basov, Prokhorov 1965: Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman 1966: Kastler 1967: Bethe 1968: Alvarez 1969: Gell-Mann 1970: Alfvén, Néel 1971: Gabor 1972: Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer 1973: Esaki, Giaever, Josephson 1974: Ryle, Hewish 1975: Bohr, Mottelson, Rainwater 1976: Richter, Ting 1977: Anderson, Mott, van Vleck 1978: Kapitsa, Penzias, Wilson 1979: Glashow, Salam, Weinberg 1980: Cronin, Fitch 1981: Bloembergen, Schawlow, K. Siegbahn 1982: Wilson 1983: Chandrasekhar, Fowler 1984: Rubbia, van der Meer 1985: von Klitzing 1986: Ruska, Binnig, Rohrer 1987: Bednorz, Müller 1988: Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger 1989: Ramsey, Dehmelt, Paul 1990: Friedman, Kendall, Taylor 1991: de Gennes 1992: Charpak 1993: Hulse, Taylor 1994: Brockhouse, Shull 1995: Perl, Reines 1996: Lee, Osheroff, Richardson 1997: Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji, Phillips 1998: Laughlin, Störmer, Tsui 1999: 't Hooft, Veltman 2000: Alferov, Kroemer, Kilby 2001: Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman 2002: Davis, Koshiba, Giacconi 2003: Abrikosov, Ginzburg, Leggett 2004: Gross, Politzer, Wilczek 2005: Glauber, Hall, Hänsch 2006: Mather, Smoot 2007: Fert, Grünberg 2008: Nambu, Kobayashi, Maskawa 2009: Kao, Boyle, Smith 2010: Novoselov, Geim 2011: Perlmutter, Riess, Schmidt 2012; Wineland, Haroche 2013: Englert, Higgs 2014: Akasaki, Amano, Nakamura 2015: Kajita, McDonald 2016: Thouless, Haldane, Kosterlitz 2017: Weiss, Barish, Thorne 2018: Ashkin, Mourou, Strickland 2019: Peebles, Mayor, Queloz 2020: Penrose, Genzel, Ghez 2021: Manabe, Hasselmann, Parisi 2022: Aspect, Clauser, Zeilinger