An Talamh (planaid)

An Talamh
	; Dealbh-camara "Marbhal gorm" dhen Talamh, mar a chaidh a thogail rè misean Apollo 17 ann an 1972
Feartan na cuairte (Ceann-aimsir J2000)
Aphelion	152,100,000 km (94,500,000 mi); (1.01673 AU)
Perihelion	147,095,000 km (91,401,000 mi); (0.9832687 AU)
Aiseal dàrnach	149,598,023 km (92,955,902 mi); (1.000001018 AU)
Neo-mheadhanachd	0.0167 086
Ùine na cuairte	365.256363004 là ; (1.00001742096 bliadhna Iulianach)
Luaths cuibheasach na reul-cuairte	29.78 km/s (18.50 mi/s); (107,200 km/h (66,600 mph))
Neo-choitcheannachd meadhain	358.617°
Claonadh	0.00005° an coimeas na h-èicliptich; 7.155° an coimeas crios-meadhain na Grèine; 1.57869° an coimeas plèana neo-chaochlaideach
Domhan-fhad an nòd-dìridh	−11.260 64° an coimeas na h-èicliptich
Argamaid a' perihelion	114.20783°
Saidealan air a bheil sinn eòlach	Aon fhear nàdarra; Corr is 1381 feadhainn fhuadain
Feartan fiosaigeach
Rèideas meadhain	6,371.0 km (3,958.8 mi)
Rèideas meadhan-chriosach	6,378.1 km (3,963.2 mi)
Rèideas pòlarach	6,356.8 km (3,949.9 mi)
Leathnachadh	0.003 3528; 1/298.257222101 (ETRS89)
Cearcall-thomhas	40,075.017 km (24,901.461 mi) (meadhan-chriosach); 40,007.86 km (24,859.73 mi) (meadhan-loidhneach)
Farsaingeachd an uachdair	510,072,000 km2 (196,940,000 mi2) Tìr: 148,940,000 km2 (57,510,000 mi2) (29.2%); Cuan: 361,132,000 km2 (139,434,000 mi2) (70.8%);
Tomhas lìonaidh	1.083 21×1012 km3 (2.59876×1011 mi3)
Tomad	5.97237×1024 kg (1.31668×1025 lb); (3.0×10−6 M☉)
Dùmhlachd meadhain	5.514 g/cm3 (0.1992 lb/in3)
Iom-tharraing air an uachdair	9.807 m/s2 (32.18 ft/s2); (1 g)
Factar na mòmaid tàmhachd	0.3307
Luaths teichidh	11.186 km/s (6.951 mi/s)
Ùine a' chuir reultaich	0.997 269 68 là; (23h 56m 4.100s)
Luaths cuir an reul-chriosa	1,674.4 km/h (1,040.4 mph)
Claonadh an aiseil	23.4392811°
Albedo	0.306 (Bond); 0.367 (geomatrach)
Teothachd	Kelvin As ìsle: 184 K; Meadhain: 288 K; As àirde: 330 K; Celsius As ìsle: −89.2 °C; Meadhain: 15 °C; As àirde: 56.7 °C; Fahrenheit As ìsle: −128.5 °F; Meadhain: 59 °F; As àirde: 134 °F;
Àile
Brùthadh-àile air an uachdar	101.325 kPa (air uachdar meadhain a' chuain)
Stuthan	Gasan: 78.08% naitridean (adhair tioram); 20.95% ogsaidean (O2); 0.930% argon; 0.039% dà-ogsaid carboin; ~ 1% deathach uisge (caochlaideach a-rèir na gnàth-shìde);

"Talamh" ath-sheòlaidhean an seo. Airson cleachdaidhean eile, faic Talamh (soilleireachadh).

'S e planaid a tha anns an Talamh, a' Chruinne no an t-Saoghal, air a bheil sinn a' fuireach. Tha aon ghealach aige agus 's e treas ball de rian na grèine.

Tha na cuain (sa bheil sàl) a' cuibhrigeadh mu deidhinn 70% de barr na talmhainn. 'S e tìr (talamh tioram) a tha anns an 30% eile. Tha aille a' cuairteachadh na talmhainn. Canar an adhar ris an àile seo.

Tha an talamh a' cuairteachadh na grèine aig astar 93,000,000 mìltean (1.6 km = 1 mìle). Canaidh sinn bliadhna ris an ùine a tha i a' gearradh gach cuairt.

Air barrachd an sin bithidh an talamh còmhnaidh na tionndadh mu deidhinn "aiseal" a ruitheas tro meadhan a tomaid. Is e an tionndadh seo, a bhitheas a' toirt 24 uairean a dh'adhbharaicheas latha agus oidhche

Aistean eile

Cruinne

Iomraidhean

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Simon, J.L., Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (An Giblean 1994): “Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets,” ann an: Astronomy and Astrophysics, leabhar 282, àir. 2, td. 663–683. Bibcode: 1994A&A...282..663S.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Staff (2007-08-07). "Useful Constants". International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Williams, David R. (2004-09-01). "Earth Fact Sheet". NASA. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
↑ Allen, Clabon Walter, Cox, Arthur N. (2000): Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Springer, td. 294. ISBN 0-387-98746-0. Air a thogail 13mh dhen Mhàrt 2011.
↑ "UCS Satellite Database". Nuclear Weapons & Global Security. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2015-09-01. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
↑ Various (2000): ann an: David R. Lide: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 81st deas., CRC. ISBN 0-8493-0481-4.
↑ "Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011". The Astronomical Almanac. Archived from the original on 2013-08-26. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 World Geodetic System (WGS-84). Ri fhaighinn air loidhne o National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
↑ Cazenave, Anny (1995): “Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms”, ann an: Ahrens, Thomas J: Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 0-87590-851-9. Air a thasglannadh [o ] 16mh dhen Dàmhair 2006.
↑ International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Working Group (2004): “General Definitions and Numerical Standards”, IERS Conventions (2003), Frankfurt am Main: Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, td. 12. ISBN 3-89888-884-3. Air a thogail 29mh dhen Ghiblean 2016 (PDF).
↑ Humerfelt, Sigurd (2010-01-26). "How WGS 84 defines Earth". Retrieved 2011-04-29.
↑ Pidwirny, Michael (2006-04-02). "Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1)". University of British Columbia, Okanagan. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
↑ Staff (2008-07-24). "World". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
↑ Luzum, Brian, Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; Hilton, James; Hohenkerk, Catherine; Krasinsky, George; Petit, Gérard; Pitjeva, Elena; Soffel, Michael; Wallace, Patrick (An Lùnasdal 2011): “The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy,” ann an: Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, leabhar 110, àir. 4, td. 293–304. Bibcode: 2011CeMDA.110..293L. doi:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4.
↑ (): The international system of units (SI), 2008 deas., United States Department of Commerce, NIST Special Publication 330, td. 52.
↑ Williams, James G. (1994): “Contributions to the Earth's obliquity rate, precession, and nutation,” ann an: The Astronomical Journal, leabhar 108, td. 711. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1994AJ....108..711W. doi:10.1086/117108.
↑ Allen, Clabon Walter, Cox, Arthur N. (2000): Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Springer, td. 296. ISBN 0-387-98746-0. Air a thogail 17mh dhen Lùnasdal 2010.
↑ (2000): ann an: Arthur N. Cox: Allen's Astrophysical Quantities, 4th deas., New York: AIP Press, td. 244. ISBN 0-387-98746-0. Air a thogail 17mh dhen Lùnasdal 2010.
↑ "World: Lowest Temperature". WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
↑ Kinver, Mark (2009-12-10). "Global average temperature may hit record level in 2010". BBC Online. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
↑ "World: Highest Temperature". WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. Retrieved 2010-08-07.
↑ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2014-12-05). "Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide". Earth System Research Laboratory.

An Crios-Grèine

Planaidean	Mearcar • An Rìbhinn/Bhèineas • An Talamh (A' Ghealach*) • An Corg/Màrs • Am Bliogh/Iupatar • Satarn • Ùranas - Neaptun
Fo-phlanaidean	Plùto • Sedna • Ceres • Eris • Makemake • Haumea
Eile	Grian • Crios Reultan Seachrain • Reultan earballach • Crios Kuiper • Diosg Sgapte • Neul Oort • 2003 UB₃₁₃
* Chan e planaid a th' anns A' Ghealach ach saideal ann an reul-eòlas seach anns an t-siostam Ptolemy.

[VSOP87-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Simon, J.L., Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (An Giblean 1994): “Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets,” ann an: Astronomy and Astrophysics, leabhar 282, àir. 2, td. 663–683. Bibcode: 1994A&A...282..663S.

[IERS-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Staff (2007-08-07). "Useful Constants". International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. Retrieved 2008-09-23.

[earth_fact_sheet-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Williams, David R. (2004-09-01). "Earth Fact Sheet". NASA. Retrieved 2010-08-09.

[Allen294-4] Allen, Clabon Walter, Cox, Arthur N. (2000): Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Springer, td. 294. ISBN 0-387-98746-0. Air a thogail 13mh dhen Mhàrt 2011.

[ucs-5] "UCS Satellite Database". Nuclear Weapons & Global Security. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2015-09-01. Retrieved 2016-04-04.

[hbcp2000-6] Various (2000): ann an: David R. Lide: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 81st deas., CRC. ISBN 0-8493-0481-4.

[usno-7] "Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011". The Astronomical Almanac. Archived from the original on 2013-08-26. Retrieved 2011-04-25.

[WGS-84-8] 8.0 ^8.1 World Geodetic System (WGS-84). Ri fhaighinn air loidhne o National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

[cazenave_ahrens1995-9] Cazenave, Anny (1995): “Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms”, ann an: Ahrens, Thomas J: Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 0-87590-851-9. Air a thasglannadh [o ] 16mh dhen Dàmhair 2006.

[IERS2004-10] International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Working Group (2004): “General Definitions and Numerical Standards”, IERS Conventions (2003), Frankfurt am Main: Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, td. 12. ISBN 3-89888-884-3. Air a thogail 29mh dhen Ghiblean 2016 (PDF).

[WGS-84-2-11] Humerfelt, Sigurd (2010-01-26). "How WGS 84 defines Earth". Retrieved 2011-04-29.

[Pidwirny_2006_8-12] Pidwirny, Michael (2006-04-02). "Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1)". University of British Columbia, Okanagan. Retrieved 2007-11-26.

[cia-13] Staff (2008-07-24). "World". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2008-08-05.

[Luzum2011-14] Luzum, Brian, Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; Hilton, James; Hohenkerk, Catherine; Krasinsky, George; Petit, Gérard; Pitjeva, Elena; Soffel, Michael; Wallace, Patrick (An Lùnasdal 2011): “The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy,” ann an: Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, leabhar 110, àir. 4, td. 293–304. Bibcode: 2011CeMDA.110..293L. doi:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4.

[NIST2008-15] (): The international system of units (SI), 2008 deas., United States Department of Commerce, NIST Special Publication 330, td. 52.

[Williams1994-16] Williams, James G. (1994): “Contributions to the Earth's obliquity rate, precession, and nutation,” ann an: The Astronomical Journal, leabhar 108, td. 711. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1994AJ....108..711W. doi:10.1086/117108.

[Allen296-17] Allen, Clabon Walter, Cox, Arthur N. (2000): Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Springer, td. 296. ISBN 0-387-98746-0. Air a thogail 17mh dhen Lùnasdal 2010.

[Cox2000-18] (2000): ann an: Arthur N. Cox: Allen's Astrophysical Quantities, 4th deas., New York: AIP Press, td. 244. ISBN 0-387-98746-0. Air a thogail 17mh dhen Lùnasdal 2010.

[asu_lowest_temp-19] "World: Lowest Temperature". WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. Retrieved 2010-08-17.

[kinver20091210-20] Kinver, Mark (2009-12-10). "Global average temperature may hit record level in 2010". BBC Online. Retrieved 2010-04-22.

[asu_highest_temp-21] "World: Highest Temperature". WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. Retrieved 2010-08-07.

[NOAA-22] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2014-12-05). "Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide". Earth System Research Laboratory.

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[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

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[22]

An Talamh
Dealbh-camara "Marbhal gorm" dhen Talamh, mar a chaidh a thogail rè misean Apollo 17 ann an 1972
Feartan na cuairte (Ceann-aimsir J2000)
Aphelion	152,100,000 km (94,500,000 mi) (1.01673 AU)
Perihelion	147,095,000 km (91,401,000 mi) (0.9832687 AU)
Aiseal dàrnach	149,598,023 km (92,955,902 mi) (1.000001018 AU)^[1]
Neo-mheadhanachd	0.0167 086^[1]
Ùine na cuairte	365.256363004 là ^[2] (1.00001742096 bliadhna Iulianach)
Luaths cuibheasach na reul-cuairte	29.78 km/s (18.50 mi/s)^[3] (107,200 km/h (66,600 mph))
Neo-choitcheannachd meadhain	358.617°
Claonadh	0.00005° an coimeas na h-èicliptich 7.155° an coimeas crios-meadhain na Grèine 1.57869°^[4] an coimeas plèana neo-chaochlaideach
Domhan-fhad an nòd-dìridh	−11.260 64° an coimeas na h-èicliptich^[3]
Argamaid a' perihelion	114.20783°^[3]
Saidealan air a bheil sinn eòlach	Aon fhear nàdarra Corr is 1381 feadhainn fhuadain^[5]
Feartan fiosaigeach
Rèideas meadhain	6,371.0 km (3,958.8 mi)^[6]
Rèideas meadhan-chriosach	6,378.1 km (3,963.2 mi)^[7]^[8]
Rèideas pòlarach	6,356.8 km (3,949.9 mi)^[9]
Leathnachadh	0.003 3528 1/298.257222101 (ETRS89)^[10]
Cearcall-thomhas	40,075.017 km (24,901.461 mi) (meadhan-chriosach)^[8] 40,007.86 km (24,859.73 mi) (meadhan-loidhneach)^[11]
Farsaingeachd an uachdair	510,072,000 km² (196,940,000 mi²)^[12]^[13] Tìr: 148,940,000 km² (57,510,000 mi²) (29.2%) Cuan: 361,132,000 km² (139,434,000 mi²) (70.8%)
Tomhas lìonaidh	1.083 21×10¹² km³ (2.59876×10¹¹ mi³)^[3]
Tomad	5.97237×10²⁴ kg (1.31668×10²⁵ lb)^[14] (3.0×10⁻⁶ M_☉)
Dùmhlachd meadhain	5.514 g/cm³ (0.1992 lb/in³)^[3]
Iom-tharraing air an uachdair	9.807 m/s² (32.18 ft/s²)^[15] (1 g)
Factar na mòmaid tàmhachd	0.3307^[16]
Luaths teichidh	11.186 km/s (6.951 mi/s)^[3]
Ùine a' chuir reultaich	0.997 269 68 là^[17] (23h 56m 4.100s)
Luaths cuir an reul-chriosa	1,674.4 km/h (1,040.4 mph)^[18]
Claonadh an aiseil	23.4392811°^[2]
Albedo	0.306 (Bond)^[3] 0.367 (geomatrach)^[3]
Teothachd	Kelvin As ìsle: 184 K^[19] Meadhain: 288 K^[20] As àirde: 330 K^[21] Celsius As ìsle: −89.2 °C Meadhain: 15 °C As àirde: 56.7 °C Fahrenheit As ìsle: −128.5 °F Meadhain: 59 °F As àirde: 134 °F
Àile
Brùthadh-àile air an uachdar	101.325 kPa (air uachdar meadhain a' chuain)
Stuthan	Gasan: 78.08% naitridean^[3] (adhair tioram) 20.95% ogsaidean (O2) 0.930% argon 0.039% dà-ogsaid carboin^[22] ~ 1% deathach uisge (caochlaideach a-rèir na gnàth-shìde)